In the 20th century Muslim trans-local (as well as trans-national) entanglements have multiplied and so have local disputes. In the negotiation of local disputes, Muslims often refer to trans-local poles of political, social and religious orientation in order to (de-)legitimize agendas of reform and/or to (de-)legitimize established practices of Islam. Trans-local references do not remain un-disputed, though, and are the focus of discussions over questions of (religious, political) authority and the hegemony of interpretation.
